Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that involves training algorithms to identify patterns, detect anomalies, and make decisions based on data. Instead of being explicitly programmed, machine learning models improve their performance over time by learning from examples and experiences. In data security, machine learning enhances threat detection, automates responses to potential security incidents, and improves the accuracy of identifying malicious activities. The process typically involves feeding large amounts of data into the model, allowing it to develop rules and insights that enable it to perform specific tasks more accurately.